Curvature-induced pseudogauge fields from time-dependent geometries in graphene

The massless Dirac equation is studied in curved spacetime on the (2+1)-dimensional graphene sheet time-dependent geometries. Emergent pseudogauge fields are found both adiabatic regime and, for high-frequency periodic geometries, nonadiabatic a generic Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker metric Fermi normal coordinates. former extends conventionally understood homogeneous field to include weak temporal inhomogeneities. latter, through usage of Floquet theory, represents new class emergent and argued potentially provide condensed matter realization cosmological